Culture of Indonesia

Culture of Indonesia

A Wayang kulit shadow puppet performance as seen by the audience
Indonesia has around 300 ethnic groups, each with cultural differences developed over centuries, and influenced by Indian, Arabic, Chinese, Malay, and European sources. Traditional Javanese and Balinese dances, for example, contain aspects of Hindu culture and mythology, as do wayang kulit (shadow puppet) performances. Textiles such as batik, ikat and songket are created across Indonesia in styles that vary by region. The most dominant influences on Indonesian architecture have traditionally been Indian; however, Chinese, Arab, and European architectural influences have been significant. The most popular sports in Indonesia are badminton and football; Liga Indonesia is the country's premier football club league. Traditional sports include sepak takraw, and bull racing in Madura. In areas with a history of tribal warfare, mock fighting contests are held, such as, caci in Flores, and pasola in Sumba. Pencak Silat is an Indonesian martial art. Sports in Indonesia are generally male-orientated and spectator sports are often associated with illegal gambling.[118]

A selection of Indonesian food, including Soto Ayam (chicken soup), sate kerang (shellfish kebabs), telor pindang (preserved eggs), perkedel (fritter), and es teh manis (sweet iced tea)
Indonesian cuisine varies by region and is based on Chinese, European, Middle Eastern, and Indian precedents.[119] Rice is the main staple food and is served with side dishes of meat and vegetables. Spices (notably chili), coconut milk, fish and chicken are fundamental ingredients.[120] Indonesian traditional music includes gamelan and keroncong. Dangdut is a popular contemporary genre of pop music that draws influence from Arabic, Indian, and Malay folk music. The Indonesian film industry's popularity peaked in the 1980s and dominated cinemas in Indonesia,[121] although it declined significantly in the early 1990s.[122] Between 2000 and 2005, the number of Indonesian films released each year has steadily increased.[121]
The oldest evidence of writing in Indonesia is a series of Sanskrit inscriptions dated to the 5th century CE. Important figures in modern Indonesian literature include: Dutch author Multatuli, who criticized treatment of the Indonesians under Dutch colonial rule; Sumatrans Muhammad Yamin and Hamka, who were influential pre-independence nationalist writers and politicians;[123] and proletarian writer Pramoedya Ananta Toer, Indonesia's most famous novelist.[124] Many of Indonesia's peoples have strongly-rooted oral traditions, which help to define and preserve their cultural identities.[125] Media freedom in Indonesia increased considerably after the end of President Suharto's rule, during which the now-defunct Ministry of Information monitored and controlled domestic media, and restricted foreign media.[126] The TV market includes ten national commercial networks, and provincial networks that compete with public TVRI. Private radio stations carry their own news bulletins and foreign broadcasters supply programs. At a reported 20 million users in 2007,[127] Internet usage is limited to a minority of the population, approximately 8.5%.

Indonesia Geography

Indonesia Geography

Indonesia consists of 17,508 islands, about 6,000 of which are inhabited.[58] These are scattered over both sides of the equator. The five largest islands are Java, Sumatra, Kalimantan (the Indonesian part of Borneo), New Guinea (shared with Papua New Guinea), and Sulawesi. Indonesia shares land borders with Malaysia on the islands of Borneo and Sebatik, Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea, and East Timor on the island of Timor. Indonesia also shares borders with Singapore, Malaysia, and the Philippines to the north and Australia to the south across narrow straits of water. The capital, Jakarta, is on Java and is the nation's largest city, followed by Surabaya, Bandung, Medan, and Semarang.[59]
At 1,919,440 square kilometers (741,050 sq mi), Indonesia is the world's 16th-largest country in terms of land area.[60] Its average population density is 134 people per square kilometer (347 per sq mi), 79th in the world,[61] although Java, the world's most populous island,[62] has a population density of 940 people per square kilometer (2,435 per sq mi). At 4,884 meters (16,024 ft), Puncak Jaya in Papua is Indonesia's highest peak, and Lake Toba in Sumatra its largest lake, with an area of 1,145 square kilometers (442 sq mi). The country's largest rivers are in Kalimantan, and include the Mahakam and Barito; such rivers are communication and transport links between the island's river settlements.[63]

Mount Semeru and Mount Bromo in East Java. Indonesia's seismic and volcanic activity is among the world's highest.
Indonesia's location on the edges of the Pacific, Eurasian, and Australian tectonic plates makes it the site of numerous volcanoes and frequent earthquakes. Indonesia has at least 150 active volcanoes,[64] including Krakatoa and Tambora, both famous for their devastating eruptions in the 19th century. The eruption of the Toba supervolcano, approximately 70,000 years ago, was one of the largest eruptions ever, and a global catastrophe. Recent disasters due to seismic activity include the 2004 tsunami that killed an estimated 167,736 in northern Sumatra,[65] and the Yogyakarta earthquake in 2006. However, volcanic ash is a major contributor to the high agricultural fertility that has historically sustained the high population densities of Java and Bali.[66]
Lying along the equator, Indonesia has a tropical climate, with two distinct monsoonal wet and dry seasons. Average annual rainfall in the lowlands varies from 1,780–3,175 millimeters (70–125 in), and up to 6,100 millimeters (240 in) in mountainous regions. Mountainous areas—particularly in the west coast of Sumatra, West Java, Kalimantan, Sulawesi, and Papua—receive the highest rainfall. Humidity is generally high, averaging about 80%. Temperatures vary little throughout the year; the average daily temperature range of Jakarta is 26–30 °C (79–86 °F).[67]

Indonesia

Indonesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Republic of Indonesia
Republik Indonesia


The Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik Indonesia), is a country in Southeast Asia. Comprising 17,508 islands, it is the world's largest archipelagic state. With a population of 222 million people in 2006, it is the world's fourth most populous country and the most populous Muslim-majority nation; however, no reference is made to Islam in the Indonesian constitution. Indonesia is a republic, with an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, the Philippines, Australia, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the seventh century, when the Srivijaya Kingdom traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually adopted Indian cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE, and Hindu and Buddhist kingdoms flourished. Indonesian history has been influenced by foreign powers drawn to its natural resources. Muslim traders brought Islam, and European powers fought one another to monopolize trade in the Spice Islands of Maluku during the Age of Discovery. Following three and a half centuries of Dutch colonialism, Indonesia secured its independence after World War II. Indonesia's history has since been turbulent, with challenges posed by natural disasters, corruption, separatism, a democratization process, and periods of rapid economic change.
Across its many islands, Indonesia consists of distinct ethnic, linguistic, and religious groups. The Javanese are the largest and most politically dominant ethnic group. As a unitary state and a nation, Indonesia has developed a shared identity defined by a national language, ethnic diversity, religious pluralism within a majority Muslim population, and a history of colonialism and rebellion against it. Indonesia's national motto, "Bhinneka tunggal ika" ("Unity in Diversity" literally, "many, yet one"), articulates the diversity that shapes the country. However, sectarian tensions and separatism have led to violent confrontations that have undermined political and economic stability. Despite its large population and densely populated regions, Indonesia has vast areas of wilderness that support the world's second highest level of biodiversity. The country is richly endowed with natural resources, yet poverty is a defining feature of contemporary Indonesia.

Constitution of Indonesia

Constitution of Indonesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Constitution of Indonesia
Indonesia

The Constitution of Indonesia (Indonesian: Undang-Undang Dasar Republik Indonesia 1945, UUD '45) is the basis for the government of the Indonesia.
The constitution was written in June, July and August 1945, when Indonesia was emerging from Japanese control at the end of World War II. It was abrogated by the Federal Constitution of 1949 and the Provisional Constitution of 1950, but restored on 5 July 1959.
The 1945 Constitution then set forth the Pancasila, the five nationalist principles devised by Sukarno, as the embodiment of basic principles of an independent Indonesian state. It provides for a limited separation of executive, legislative, and judicial powers. The governmental system has been described as "semi-presidential" or "presidential with parliamentary characteristics." Following the Indonesian 1998 Upheaval and the resignation of President Suharto, several political reforms were set in motion, which are still continuing.

Cuisine of Indonesia

Cuisine of Indonesia
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Indonesia is the home of Satay; one of the country's most popular dishes, there are many variants across Indonesia.

rendang
Indonesian cuisine reflects the vast variety of people that live on the 6,000 populated islands that make up Indonesia. There is probably not a single "Indonesian" cuisine, but rather, a diversity of regional cuisines influenced by local Indonesian culture and foreign influences.
Throughout its history, Indonesia has been involved in trade due to its location and natural resources. Indonesia’s indigenous techniques and ingredients, at least in the Malay World parts, are influenced by India, the Middle East, China and finally Europe. Spanish and Portuguese traders brought New World produce even before the Dutch came to colonize most of Indonesia. The Indonesian island of Maluku, which is famed as "the Spice Island," also contributed to the introduction of native spices to Indonesian and global cuisine. The cuisine of Eastern Indonesia is similar to Polynesian and Melanesian cuisine.
Sumatran cuisine, for example, often shows its Middle Eastern and Indian influence, featuring curried meat and vegetables, while Javanese cuisine is rather more indigenously developed. Elements of Indonesian Chinese cuisine can be seen in Indonesian cuisine: items such as bakmi (noodles) and bakso (meat balls) have been completely assimilated.
The most popular dishes that originated in Indonesia are now common across most of Asia. Popular Indonesian dishes such as satay, beef rendang, and sambals are also favored in Malaysia and Singapore. Soy-based dishes, such as variations of tofu (tahu) and tempe, are also very popular. Tempe is regarded as a Javanese invention, an adaptation to the loss of forests, which precluded hunting as a source of protein food. Indonesian meals are commonly eaten with the combination of a spoon in the right hand and fork in the left hand, although in many parts of the country (such as West Java) it is also common to eat with one's hands.
Contents
1 Rice
2 Meal Times
3 Snacks and street food
4 Fruit in Indonesia

Rice
Using water buffalo to plough rice fields in Java; Rice is a staple for all classes in contemporary; Indonesia is the world's third largest paddy rice producer and its cultivation has transformed much of Indonesia’s landscape.
Rice is a staple for all classes in contemporary Indonesia,[1] and it holds a central part in Indonesian culture: it shapes the landscape; is sold at markets; and is served in most meals as a savoury and sweet food. Rice is most often eaten as plain rice (nasi putih) with just a few protein and vegetable dishes as side dishes. It is also served, however, as ketupat (rice steamed in woven packets of coconut fronds), lontong (rice steamed in banana leaves), intip (rice crackers), desserts, noodles, brem (rice wine), and nasi goreng (fried rice).[2]
Rice was only incorporated into diets, however, as either the technology to grow it or the ability to buy it from elsewhere was gained. Evidence of wild rice on the island of Sulawesi dates from 3000 BCE. Evidence for the earliest cultivation, however, comes from eighth century stone inscriptions from the central island of Java, which show kings levied taxes in rice. Divisions of labour between men, women, and animals that are still in place in Indonesian rice cultivation, can be seen carved into the ninth-century Prambanan temples in Central Java: a Water buffalo attached to a plough; women planting seedlings and pounding grain; and a man carries sheaves of rice on each end of a pole across his shoulders. In the sixteenth century, Europeans visiting the Indonesian islands saw rice as a new prestige food served to the aristocracy during ceremonies and feasts.[1]
Rice production requires exposure to the sun. Rice production in Indonesian history is linked to the development of iron tools and the domestication of Wild Asian Water Buffalo as water buffalo for cultivation of fields and manure for fertilizer. Once covered in dense forest, much of the Indonesian landscape has been gradually cleared for permanent fields and settlements as rice cultivation developed over the last fifteen hundred years.[1]
Other staple foods in Indonesia include maize (in drier regions such as Madura and the Lesser Sunda Islands), sago (in Eastern Indonesia) and root tubers (especially in hard times).

Meal Times
In western and central Indonesia, the main meal is usually cooked in the late morning, and consumed around midday. In many families there is no set meal time where all members are expected to attend. For this reason, most of the dishes are made such that they can last and remain edible even if left on the table at room temperature for many hours. The same dishes are then re-heated for the final meal in the evening. Most meals are built around a cone-shaped pile of long-grain, highly polished rice. A meal may include a soup, salad (or more commonly sauteed vegetables with garlic), and another main dish. Whatever the meal, it is accompanied by at least one, and often several relishes that are called sambals.
In eastern Indonesia, where the natives are more influenced by Pacific islander cultures such as on the island of Papua and Timor, the meals can be centered around other sources of carbohydrates such as sago and/or grain.

Snacks and street food
Bakso (meatball) seller in Bandung
In most cities it is common to see Chinese dishes such as buns and noodles sold by street vendors and restaurants alike, often adapted to become Indonesian Chinese cuisine. One common adaptation is that pork is no longer used since the majority of Indonesians are Muslims. Street and street-side vendors are common, in addition to hawkers peddling their goods on bicycles or carts. These carts are known as pedagang kaki lima - (named after the 5-foot (1.5 m) wide footpaths in Indonesia, however some people say they are named 'five feet' after the three feet of the cart and two feet of the vendor!), and many of these have their own distinctive call or songs to announce their wares. For example, the bakso seller will hit the side of a soup bowl, where as mie ayam is announced by hitting a wood block.

Fruit in Indonesia
Rambutan for sale at a market in Jakarta.
Indonesian markets abound with many types of tropical fruit. These are an important part of the Indonesian diet, either eaten on their own, made into desserts, or even savoury dishes (ie, rujak).
Many of these fruits are indigenous to Indonesia (Mangosteen) or the Indonesian archipelago in general (Rambutan), others have been imported from other tropical countries, although the origin of many of these fruits is disputed.
Banana and Coconut are particularly important, not only to Indonesian cuisine, but also in other uses, such as timber, bedding, roofing, oil, plates and packaging , etc.

VISIT JOGJA

VISIT YOGYAKARTA - JOGJAKARTA

Yogyakarta Special Region (Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta, DIY) is officially one of Indonesia's 32 provinces. Yogyakarta is one of the foremost cultural centers of Java. This region is located at the foot of the active Merapi volcano, Yogyakarta was in the 16th and 17th centuries the seat of the mighty Javanese empire of Mataram from which present day Yogyakarta has the best inherited of traditions. The city itself has a special charm, which seldom fails to captivate the visitor.
This province is one of the most densely populated areas of Indonesia. The city came into being in 1755, after the Mataram division into the Sultanates of Yogyakarta and Surakarta (Solo). Gamelan, classical and contemporary Javanese dances, wayang kulit (leather puppet), theater and other expressions of traditional art will keep the visitor spellbound. Local craftsmen excel in arts such batiks, silver and leather works. Next to the traditional, contemporary art has found fertile soil in Yogya's culture oriented society. ASRI, the Academy of Fine Arts is the center of arts and Yogyakarta itself has given its name to an important school of modern painting in Indonesia, perhaps best personified by the famed Indonesian impressionist, the late AffANDI.
Yogyakarta is often called the main gateway to the Central Java as where it is geographically located. It stretches from Mount Merapi to the Indian Ocean. There is daily air service to Yogya from Jakarta, Surabaya and Bali as well as regular train service and easy accessibility by road. Yogyakarta is commonly considered as the modern cultural of Central Java. Although some may prefer Solo as a good runner up, Yogyakarta remains the clear front-runner for traditional dance, Wayang (traditional puppetry) and music.
Yogyakarta has more than just culture though. It is a very lively city and a shopper's delight. The main road, Malioboro Street, is always crowded and famous for its night street food-culture and street vendors. Many tourist shops and cheap hotels are concentrated along this street or in the adjoining tourist area such Sosrowijayan Street.The key attraction of Yogyakarta is 'Kraton' (the Sultan's Palace). The Sultan's palace is the centre of Yogya's traditional life and despite the advance of modernity; it still emanates the spirit of refinement, which has been the hallmark of Yogya's art for centuries. This vast complex of decaying buildings was built in the 18th century, and is actually a walled city within the city with luxurious pavilions and in which the current Sultan still resides. Yogyakarta is also the only major city, which still has traditional 'Becak' (rickshaw-style) transport.
Geographically Yogyakarta Special Region is geographically located almost equidistant from Indonesia's two most important international gateways, about 600 km from Jakarta and 1000 km from Bali. Yogyakarta also has excellent transport connections by bus, train or plane to the rest of Java, Sumatra, Bali and Lombok. Yogyakarta's Adisucipto Airport is in the process of changing its status in order to receive not only domestics' flights from Bali and Jakarta, but also direct charter and scheduled flights from other countries.
Geographically, Yogyakarta Special Province is situated in the Southern part of Central Java and lies between 7 degree 33' and 8 degree 12', South altitude between 110 degree and 50' East longitude. Some regencies of central Java Province surround the administrative boundaries of this region: Southern East: Wonogiri RegencyEastern: Klaten RegencyNorthwestern: Magelang RegencyWestern: Purworejo RegencyThe Indonesian Ocean borders the Southern part of Yogyakarta. The borderline of the seashore stretches from West to East of which the length is around 100 km, started from Congot Beach in Kulon Progo Regency and ended at Sadeng Beach in Gunung Kidul Regency.
Because of its location, Yogyakarta is strategically positioned for the economic activity network in Java as well as for the tourist destination area. The special region of Yogyakarta lies midway on the axis of several main tourist destination areas, Jakarta and West Java westward, Central Java northward, East Java and Bali eastward. It is linked by regular rail, road and air services to other parts of Indonesian archipelago.
Climate and Weather in Yogyakarta The average daily temperature range between 26 degree and 28 degree Celsius with its minimum 18 degree C and maximum 35 degree C respectively. Average humidity is 74% with its minimum of 65% and maximum 84% respectively. The Yogyakarta Special Region lays approximately 7 South of the equator line and is bathed in tropical; sunshine along the year. This region has a tropic climate the daily atmosphere feels a little bit hot and humid. These are only two seasons along the year, the wet or rainy seasons and dry monsoon. Usually the wet seasons begin at September and lasts about August. Generally there is no rainfalls from may to August and there fore the atmosphere feels hot and humid on the day and cool in the night and early morning. The monthly rain falling Yogyakarta varies between 3mm and 496mm in which those above 300mm take place during the month of January up to April. The heaviest rainfall usually occurs in February while the lowest commonly happens between May and October Average annually rainfall is about 1,900mm.
Populations of YogyakartaBased on 2000, the total population of Yogyakarta special Region amounted to 3.311.812. Yogyakarta Municipality that has 461,800 inhabitants spread over 32,50 kilometers or the average population density is thus over 14,200 persons per square kilometer. The least densely populated districts is in Gunung Kidul regency which has 720.643 inhabitants and cover 1,485 square kilometers or the density rate is 485 persons per square kilometer. Since a very long time ago the Provincial territory of Yogyakarta Special Region and its surrounding has been decently populated.The majority residents of Yogyakarta Special Region are Javanese whose language derives from ancient Sanskrit. However, as Yogyakarta is considered to be "Indonesia's academic city" due to the numerous centers for higher learning, many of the inhabitants are student who come from all over Indonesia to study.
Culture of Yogyakarta The culture Yogyakarta province with its status as a special region lies in the Southern part of Central Java, in the heartland of Javanese culture. As the former capital and the center of several kingdoms in the past, this region and its people are very rich in a variety of cultures. It is widely known from to historical records that the civilization, art and culture had developed well in the center of those kingdoms respectively in the Ancient Mataram Kingdom (8th - 10th Century) era, the second Mataram Kingdom (17th - 18th Century) and Sultanate Ngayogyokarto from the mid of 18th Century up today.
It should be noted that the cultural heritage from the past includes the magnificent temples, the ruins of palaces and monasteries, the various kind of traditions, cultural events, traditional folk and performing arts, architecture and other traditional activities. It is important to note that this is all part of the living culture of Yogyakarta, color of daily activities of live and the local inhabitants behavior, particularly the Javanese community with its traditional way of life and customs. Therefore, because of its culture richness and heritage, Yogyakarta has long been known as the cradle of Javanese culture.
The other legendary name for Yogyakarta City, among the elders as well as the youth generation that is the City of Art and Culture. Traditional and modern exhibition are held almost every day and night about the art of theater, pantomime, music, classic and contemporary dances, poems, etc. Those are flow in the heart of the city. Even more, there are abundant of cultural ceremony, such as Sekaten, Gunungan, Labuhan, Malioboro Fair, etc, which make the city has high value of tradition, art, and culture.
www.indonesia-tourism.com.

Execution of terrorists, The Death of Mujahid

Execution of terrorists, The Death of Mujahid
M. Nurul Amin
You can turn-back titles at the top, it's how you perceive about the execution Imam Samudera cs, Terrorism and Islam. You can say, execution Mujahid, Death of the terrorists, or the execution Mujahid, The Death of Mujahid, or you can also say execution terrorists, The Death of terrorists.
This controversy will probably continue, although the story live trio Bomber Bali bombings has been completed. Welcome again heard the cry takwir dikumandangkan that they, not seen again Imam Samudera sharp gaze at the display glass, or we may not play again diributkan process executions that pace by the mass media.
As a journalist, I often find things that are against the violence, terrorism or conviction of a truth (not to say religion). While covering the conflict in Poso, bitter taste in my heart when I saw a number of mosques burnt, the same bitterness I felt when churches are living rubble. When the group met with White Borrowed landslides in the area I feel the confidence of a totality of the truth by them, the same confidence I felt when talking with leaders of religious groups Borrowed Red Tentena in the border areas.
I also felt pain, while in the Cincinati, the United States, see the weeping mother of Sergeant Matt Maupin, a U.S. soldier was killed and missing in the battlefield of Iraq. The mother holds no power in the face of my housekeeper, audiences expect children to return safely to pangkuannya. The same situation is also visible, Imam Samudera when added to lawout burrow, the mother weeping and fall headfirst.
From two different groups, I see and feel some satisfaction when the furor and Imam Samudera cs in the execution, from two different groups I also feel the same thing when the execution of Tibo cs, also in the squad before the shoot. And they feel that kelompoknyalah true justice and not pro!
Dander, satisfaction and justice becomes a trick, when the see something contrary. For the families and victims of Bali bombings victims of violence in Poso, Justice has been realized with the execution of Tibo and Imam Samudera cs. But for the families, relatives and their supporters, justice has been terlindas. For them, Imam Samudera cs is a Mujahid, Tibo cs fighter is the truth, not a terrorist group and not a group of sadistic murderer chance to religion.
Once again, as a journalist, sometimes feels there will be a struggle of relativity, truth and justice, the same is also said by colleagues with journalists that when I was in the area of Nusakambangan awaiting execution process Imam Samudera cs. When I was at Ground Zero, Monument Bali bombings, Denpasar, I feel there lesak in the hearts of not participate, there is a deep depression. When I was in the Poso River bridge, see the Poso river nan clear, not to participate in the conception of the tongue, crying in the soul, imagine this river had shed the blood of children who do not sin.
Not surprisingly, for some people, the confidence will be a struggle and the truth, it must be maintained until death in front of the eye. Imam Samudera cs demonstrate a conviction of the truth and struggle, piercing stare, membelalakkan eyes, challenging missile fire squad that menghujam chest.
Journalists are also human. So, it's how you perceive about the struggle, truth and justice is ...!

Sultan take RI 1!

Ssst ... Sultan take RI 1!
Translate from blog.liputan6.com
Moh Samsul Arifin

No name Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono, Jusuf Kalla, Prabowo Subianto, Sutiyoso or Rizal Mallarangeng in Ciganjur, 1998 Pleasant. Only four names, namely, Abdurrahman Wahid, Megawati Sukarnoputri, Amien Rais and Sri Sultan Hamengkubuwono X in there. They really tacky umpteen million people, because kiprahnya inject ethics and infuse the change in this country.
Ciganjur in-a sizable difficult to track the map four-man berembug, rack the brain to formulate attitude after the authoritarian regime collapse. Since the reform wave hall campus to the street. But, how filled, this is a problem that runyam less thought-even by students, actors penjebol power Soeharto.
Group Ciganjur or axis Ciganjur, trying to guide the direction of reform. Insistence that the national leadership (BJ Habibie, Soeharto-connection) immediately replaced uncovered. So, the election also accelerated! 1999, presidential election is still via the MPR. Habibie is still keen perpetuate power. Unfortunately, the political wind is not menguntungkannya. Because the House rejected accountability, Habibie right back.
Amien Rais had offered to replace forward to the presidential election session. But, I did refuse, as tied commitments with the Central axis to promote the Gus Dur as president. Blessing expertise Amien Rais, Megawati Sukarnoputri, who diusung PDIP (winner of the election), must be satisfied as vice president. Gus Dur presiden. Gus Dur president. Meanwhile, Sri Sultan there is no political revolution in 1999.
2004, Sri Sultan began to take a seat of the Republic of Indonesia. Medan dicobanya Golkar convention. However, total failure. Even later, skipper party, Akbar Tandjung was forced to surrender Wiranto. Finally Golkar promote the Wiranto-Salahuddin Wahid to The Pilpres 2004. Amien also advanced. And Gus Dur terganjal, even before the party started, because no qualified physical health. Not exponent axis Ciganjur successful. Not also the incumbent, Megawati Sukarnoputri. Rather SBY. Name of popularity was high at that time. SBY is the reverse political tradition that is at relies on the very political party to the political popularity!
Ciganjur leaders of the four, two people have a taste of RI 1. And, now Sri Sultan showed strong ambition to lead the Republic. Pisowanan Ageng, the place most demonstratif from a Sultan to rip the road to the State Palace. Sri Sultan tried to broaden the support base. Although one foot in the Golkar Party, the Sultan opened the door to the other political party to support. Come RepublikaN Party, or Party of the Republic of the archipelago meminangnya. But, SOKO teachers from all over the Sultan is the people (people) of Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta tersihir by history as a special area. People for the Sultan of Yogyakarta, not much different with people Nahdliyyin for Gus Dur.
And the Sultan of Yogyakarta is the name that is tied with the history-more precisely the history monarkhi maintained until now. Republic had much in Yogya, when after the proclamation, Sultanate of Yogyakarta and the Duchy Pakualaman states to join in the national unity. President Soekarno reply, with a special status in Yogyakarta. Sultan Hamengkubuwono IX (the father Sultan now) and Paku Alam VIII and was appointed as the governor and deputy governor.
This latter status shaky when there is a suggestion that the governor / deputy governor selected (direct democracy) as other provinces. But, again, the people of Yogya terusik. They still want the Sultan (King of Yogyakarta) is entitled automatically lead Yogyakarta. This difficult choice for the republic, standing between history and pursue democracy. However, President SBY act wisely. He extended the tenure of Sri Sultan of three years until the legal umbrella for the complete status of Yogyakarta.
However, the sound of other people of Yogyakarta said. The King hoped not only lead the region. Tapi menakhodai Republik. The Republic found. Will the historical destiny to lead the Sultan of the State Palace. Or he will follow his father to become the Vice President (during Soerharto). Sure, there has been no major political party in the near Sultan. Even Golkar Party (the political home of Sultan), less comfortable with the steps that impressed the Sultan of play themselves.
Sultan is history, he monarkhi symbol, or even government aristokrat feudalism (which unfortunately still survive) in the ground water. However, sosoknya can be a mirror to see the Republic of the trip. I do not know whether this Republic will still provide too much in Yogyakarta?

Letter to Mr. Obama

Letter To Mr. Obama
Translate from: blog.liputan6.com
M. Nurul Amin

Regards,
Previously I congratulate Mr. export of the United States as President. I am pleased Mr. selected, because Mr. bring new hope for the world.
Pardon me for using English in this letter. I'm embarrassed to use English, because other than my English is not good, because I may not have the word environment and sehebat Mr. pronounce the sentence in speeches that Mr. stagnant, to make people and driven on the language amazed that Mr. tuturkan . Moreover, had not Mr. schools in our country, so perhaps Mr. can also speak Indonesian, so at least there is Mr. staff that can translate this letter into English. Maaf. Excuse me.
Sorry also because I call you Mr., not a call with Mr. President. My fear, merenggang distance call, because the President in our country, is respected and may be called by another name, and can not be approached carelessly. In our country, Mr. is a fine for people in the respect. Moreover, Mr. also not yet become official Presidential not.
When writing this letter, our country is crowded with the dead execution news agency blasting Bali bombings. Mr. surely know that Imam Samudera cs George Bush, according to government and media in the country, Mr. including terrorist groups. I do not blame the media in the country because they brought Mr. and affected by the government of Mr. before. But I also do not defend the Imam Samudera cs, I also do not like the way they obtrude.
I do not want to debate a matter of what and who terrorists, I only want to convey, that the terrorists is not Islam, and Islam is not the terrorists. That's it, no more. I'm sure Mr. already understand, I know that, because in speeches and Mr. implicitly implied that it is. Moreover, not in the middle name of Mr., there is a name that Hussein is the name of Islam, and Mr. parents also moved?
I also grieve, because the middle name of Mr. clothing to make Mr. terpojok was in the process of selecting the President. But Mr. did not regret not have a name? I'm sure Mr. parents have to give the best to Mr., including the middle name Hussein in the name of Mr..
Mr. Oh yes, I have visited Mr. country. I once lived in the country for more than Mr. two months in some states. I'm amazed the pomp and grandeur of Mr., I visited the slums of Mr. corner from the region Over the Rain, Cincinati, to a life of luxury in the gleaming city of the world, the Big Apple, New York. I also enjoy Mr. democracy in the country. Ah enjoying the world live in the country, Mr., all the supermarket, safe, comfortable, regular and guaranteed.
But Sir, I also had to visit the country 'colony' Mr. country, Afghanistan. Mr. Is not there also been visited, not sad? Once again, I do not want to debate a matter of Terrorism or the war against Terrorism, I just want to say, the war really destroying the lives and values of humanity. There are no winners in war, unless the protracted suffering. Ah, I'm pleased, Mr. promises to be interesting Mr. troops from countries of war. I'm compassionate, Mr. very humanist and anti-war.
Mr. Truly, I do not hate the United States, but honestly I do not like the government before Mr., I mean, George Bush government. I understand Mr. full of controversy, dicaci in one hand and adored the other side. In the four human rights because of injustice, but because the majesty of the glorified democracy. There hipokrisi and arogansi government in the country Mr., but there is also elegance from the politicians, who admitted defeat without feeling peeved at heart.
By the way , By the way, Sir, I read books about Mr.. I'm impressed upon Mr. personality, humanist, pluralistic way at once religious, polite and smart intellectual. I hope all is infectious to the entire staff of Mr., from the Vice President to Cabinet ministers, from members to the Legislative Senator, from the military to civilians.
Honestly, I hope many in Mr., Mr. own because that has promised to bring change for the country and Mr. World. I'm sure Mr. and can afford, not Mr. said yourself that Yes, we can!.
Actually only one that we want change, Change. Yes, the world situation changes, to become the world a safe, peaceful and tranquil. Not when the world is full of suspicion, fear, and of the violence. Itu saja. That's it.
Sure, I do not want to glorify Mr. excessive, Mr. not a prophet or a saint for the adored-katya, Mr. only man who became leader of the country controversy. And I believe, Mr. also not like people who praised, that figure is Mr. fulfill the promise.
Finally, I did not expect this letter will be Mr. Reply, why not. Pardon me if my letter to Mr. PUBLICIZE, there is no other purpose, except hope all residents feel the changes in the world together. We're sorry this letter I also tembuskan to all my colleagues who are in the country, Mr., from which they sit in a chair ministries to State Senator. I also tembuskan to relatives and friends that I seek to live and study in the country, Mr.. I only want to share feelings.
Mr., when Mr. visit to Asia, a stop to the country, we will find Mr. manners and polite our country, our delicacy IMPOSTOR, such as the time when Mr. feel small in this country. Our country, from all sides, would vary with the state-supported, so do not force us to be equal to or in accordance with the wishes of Mr.. We are currently identifying and mendewasakan our country, Mr. prove the country, we are also undergo changes. And that, we are proud of our country, whatever happens.
Heal the world, welcome to Indonesia ! Heal the world, welcome to Indonesia!
Thank you.